油菜精量集中排种器电驱控制系统设计与试验

为适应丘陵区油菜机械化精量播种要求,针对地轮驱动致使传动系统复杂或滑移影响播种精度的问题,设计了一种油菜电驱排种控制系统。该系统集成无线蓝牙传输模块、单片机模块和Android终端平台开发,采用优化PID算法,实现集排器转速随作业速度的同步控制和自动调节播种穴距。台架试验研究了油菜电驱排种控制系统的控制精度和排种性能,当集排器转速为10～55 r·min~(-1)时,实际转速与理论转速的平均偏差均小于1.5%,且转速的变异系数均小于2.0%,稳定性较好;当穴距和作业速度分别为60～180 mm和1.6～3.2 km·h~(-1)时,穴距均匀性变异系数均低于15.0%。该系统实现了集排器电驱条件下播种穴距的同步调节,为油菜轻简化精量播种机的排种控制系统设计提供了参考。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

一种可连续化进行的胃肠仿生消化装置的设计

胃肠仿生消化是研究食品营养学及药物代谢动力的重要方法。为实现胃肠仿生连续消化,对胃肠仿生消化装置进行了设计,本胃肠仿生模拟消化装置包括胃肠仿生消化桶及仿生模拟消化控制系统,设置了结构相同的中间腔体的胃仿生消化桶和肠仿生消化桶,外围设置有加热仓,消化桶上均设置有搅拌机构、玻璃观察窗、取样装置、酸液存储槽及碱液存储槽、pH传感器、加热管及温度传感器,二号消化桶右侧固定有控制系统单元的配电箱。装置便于实现胃肠仿生模拟消化过程pH值、温度和搅拌速度的控制与调整,以及消化液的取样分析及消化过程的观察监测,可用于食品营养基质或生物活性物质的仿生消化情况的监测。     

Transmission ecology of rodent‐borne diseases: New frontiers

Rodents are recognized reservoir hosts for many human zoonotic pathogens. The current trends resulting from anthropocene defaunation suggest that in the future they, along with other small mammals, are likely to become the dominant mammals in almost all human‐modified environments. Recent intricate studies on bat‐borne emerging diseases have highlighted that many gaps exist in our understanding of the zoonotic transmission of rodent‐borne pathogens. This has emphasized the need for scientists interested in rodent‐borne diseases to integrate rodent ecology into their analysis of rodent‐borne pathogen transmission in order to identify in more detail the mechanisms of spillover and chains of transmission. Further studies are required to better understand the true impact of rodent abundance and the importance of pathogen sharing and circulation in multi‐host– multi‐pathogen communities. We also need to explore in more depth the roles of generalist and abundant species as the potential links between pathogen‐sharing, co‐infections and disease transmission.     

工程机械新型传动系统的特性分析

介绍了静液压传动这一新型动力传动系统的特点.通过详细分析该系统液压元件类型的选择、排量与传动变速比关系及该类系统特性参数之间的关系,得出了在实际使用中,为了保证工程机械在大功率工况下,不降低经常工况的效率,提高传动变速比与其它传动形式的匹配方案.通过对匹配方案的分析为工程车辆的开发设计提供理论基础和方法.     

基于EDA技术的自动立木整枝机无线遥控发射系统

立木整枝是优质工业用材林定向抚育的重要环节,采用自动立木整枝机是实现高效、高质量和安全可靠整枝的有效途径。本文综合运用电子电路设计及优化技术、无线遥控及通信编解码技术,创造性地研制了基于CPLD的无线数字编码抗干扰自动立木整枝机无线遥控发射系统,通过优化CPLD内部逻辑电路有效消除了逻辑竞争冒险、降低了噪声干扰,确保了系统逻辑设计的正确性。该系统具有可靠、节能、抗干扰、工作效率高等优点。本研究成果及方法为推进其他林业机械的自动化与智能化进程提供了一种有效的新思路。     

健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

无粘结预应力混凝土结构施工质量控制

本文从施工角度阐述了无粘结预应力砼结构的施工质量控制及施工工艺。     

二次调节静液储能拖拉机传动系统

二次调节静液储能拖拉机传动系统是由柴油机，液压蓄能器，液压泵/马达（二次元件），差动变速器和驱动轴等组成，该系统充分利用了液压蓄能功率密度大，二次元件具有较高的控制质量，可实现四象限工作等特点；实现了柴油机和拖拉机行驶载荷的分离，工作过程中当外负载扭矩发生变化时，将引起二次元件的转速变化，从而引起二次元件排量的变化，通过调节液压马达的变量机构使其与工作负载所需转速相适应。